1 A general theory of second language learning 2 Knowing a language 3 Knowing how to use a language 4 Structures and functions 5 Measuring knowledge of a second language 6 The psycholinguistic basis 7 Ability and personality 8 The linguistic basis 9 The social context 10 Attitudes and motivati N_11 Opportunities for second language learning 12 Formal instructi N_13 Testing the model 14 The form of a general theory Appendix Bibliography and citation index