單片機(jī)應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)（修訂版）

第一章 應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計(jì)步驟                  
 1.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的編寫1                  
 1.2 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)2                  
 1.3 軟件任務(wù)分析3                  
 1.4 數(shù)據(jù)類型和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)劃3                  
 1.5 資源分配4                  
 1.6 編程及調(diào)試5                  
 1.7 編程語言與開發(fā)環(huán)境的選擇5                  
                   
 第二章 程序流程圖與子程序設(shè)計(jì)                  
 2.1 程序流程圖7                  
 2.1.1 程序流程圖的畫法7                  
 2.1.2 從程序流程圖到程序10                  
 2.2 子程序設(shè)計(jì)11                  
 2.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu)化的程序設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格12                  
 2.2.2 參數(shù)的使用14                  
 2.2.3 算法的合理性和可靠性15                  
 2.2.4 子程序的透明性設(shè)計(jì)15                  
 2.2.5 子程序的相容性設(shè)計(jì)16                  
 2.2.6 子程序的容錯(cuò)性設(shè)計(jì)17                  
                   
 第三章 系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控程序設(shè)計(jì)                  
 3.1 監(jiān)控程序的任務(wù)18                  
 3.2 監(jiān)控程序的結(jié)構(gòu)18                  
 3.2.1 作業(yè)順序調(diào)度型19                  
 3.2.2 作業(yè)優(yōu)先調(diào)度型19                  
 3.2.3 鍵碼分析作業(yè)調(diào)度型20                  
 3.3 普通監(jiān)控程序的設(shè)計(jì)方法22                  
 3.3.1 系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)分析23                  
 3.3.2 狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移分析24                  
 3.3.3 狀態(tài)順序編碼型監(jiān)控程序的設(shè)計(jì)方法29                  
 3.3.4 狀態(tài)特征編碼型監(jiān)控程序的設(shè)計(jì)方法34                  
 3.3.5 監(jiān)控程序的四種設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格39                  
 3.4 菜單驅(qū)動(dòng)的監(jiān)控程序設(shè)計(jì)方法40                  
 3.4.1 系統(tǒng)功能分析和菜單結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)40                  
 3.4.2 畫面設(shè)計(jì)40                  
 3.4.3 監(jiān)控程序設(shè)計(jì)方法42                  
                   
 第四章 常用功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)                  
 4.1 時(shí)鐘44                  
 4.1.1 時(shí)鐘系統(tǒng)的建立44                  
 4.1.2 時(shí)鐘的校對48                  
 4.1.3 定時(shí)任務(wù)的觸發(fā)與撤除49                  
 4.1.4 相對時(shí)鐘（鬧鐘）52                  
 4.2 鍵盤56                  
 4.2.1 軟件去抖動(dòng)處理56                  
 4.2.2 連擊的處理56                  
 4.2.3 復(fù)合鍵的處理60                  
 4.2.4 鍵盤編碼61                  
 4.3 數(shù)碼顯示62                  
 4.3.1 顯示模塊在系統(tǒng)軟件中的安排62                  
 4.3.2 顯示配置與輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)63                  
 4.3.3 滅零處理65                  
 4.3.4 閃爍處理66                  
 4.3.5 模擬串行顯示67                  
 4.4 點(diǎn)陣液晶圖文混合顯示中的軟件技術(shù)67                  
 4.4.1 圖文混合顯示的基本原理68                  
 4.4.2 字符的顯示69                  
 4.4.3 圖形的顯示72                  
 4.4.4 漢字的顯示79                  
 4.4.5 漢字的排版及其畫面的輸出82                  
                   
 第五章 抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)                  
 5.1 干擾的作用機(jī)制及后果86                  
 5.2 抗干擾的硬件措施87                  
 5.2.1 抗串模干擾的措施87                  
 5.2.2 抗共模干擾的措施89                  
 5.3 數(shù)字信號(hào)輸入/輸出中的軟件抗干擾措施90                  
 5.3.1 數(shù)字信號(hào)的輸入方法90                  
 5.3.2 數(shù)字信號(hào)的輸出方法91                  
 5.4 數(shù)字濾波92                  
 5.4.1 程序判斷濾波93                  
 5.4.2 中值濾波94                  
 5.4.3 算術(shù)平均濾波94                  
 5.4.4 去極值平均濾波95                  
 5.4.5 加權(quán)平均濾波97                  
 5.4.6 滑動(dòng)平均濾波98                  
 5.4.7 低通濾波99                   
 5.5 CPU 抗干擾技術(shù)101                  
 5.5.1 人工復(fù)位101                  
 5.5.2 掉電保護(hù)102                  
 5.5.3 睡眠抗干擾103                  
 5.5.4 指令冗余104                  
 5.5.5 軟件陷阱105                  
 5.5.6 看門狗系統(tǒng)107                  
 5.6 系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)109                  
 5.6.1 系統(tǒng)復(fù)位109                  
 5.6.2 熱啟動(dòng)過程111                  
 5.6.3 重要信息的恢復(fù)112                  
 5.6.4 系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)的重入114                  
                   
 第六章 容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)                  
 6.1 硬件故障的自診斷技術(shù)120                  
 6.1.1 CPU的診斷120                  
 6.1.2 程序存儲(chǔ)器的診斷125                  
 6.1.3 RAM的診斷126                  
 6.1.4 A/D通道的診斷與校正127                  
 6.1.5 D/A通道的診斷130                  
 6.1.6 數(shù)字I/O通道的診斷131                  
 6.1.7 硬件自診斷模塊136                  
 6.2 人機(jī)界面的容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)137                  
 6.2.1 輸入提示功能的設(shè)計(jì)138                  
 6.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)輸入的容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)139                  
 6.2.3 命令輸入的容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)146                  
 6.2.4 輸入界面的安全性設(shè)計(jì)148                  
 6.2.5 輸出界面的容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)152                  
 6.3 軟件的一般容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)154                  
 6.3.1 堆棧溢出的預(yù)防154                  
 6.3.2 中斷中的資源沖突及其預(yù)防156                  
 6.3.3 狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移的條件審查157                  
 6.3.4 重要模塊的安全措施158                  
 6.3.5 運(yùn)算軟件的容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)159                  
 6.3.6 軟件標(biāo)志的使用166                  
 6.3.7 子程序的使用168                  
 6.4 互斥型輸出的硬件容錯(cuò)設(shè)計(jì)170                  
                   
 第七章 程序測試                  
 7.1 程序測試的心理準(zhǔn)備173                  
 7.1.1 程序測試的正確定義173                  
 7.1.2 程序測試結(jié)果的正確評價(jià)174                  
 7.1.3 培養(yǎng)正常的測試心理狀態(tài)174                  
 7.2 程序測試方法175                  
 7.2.1 程序會(huì)審和口頭宣講176                  
 7.2.2 白盒測試法177                  
 7.2.3 黑盒測試法179                  
 7.2.4 自頂向下測試法181                  
 7.2.5 自底向上測試法182                  
 7.3 程序糾錯(cuò)183                  
 7.3.1 程序跟蹤法183                  
 7.3.2 分析推理法183                  
 7.3.3 糾錯(cuò)原則184                  
 附錄                  
 附錄A 完整的應(yīng)用程序樣本185                  
 附錄B MCS51單片機(jī)實(shí)用子程序庫206                  
 參考文獻(xiàn)