Connectives and their functions
(1) Presenting points
A. Starting the presentation
to begin with / to start with; let's begin with / let's start with;
first of all/ in the first place
B. Listing points in sequence
firstly / secondly / thirdly; first / second / third
C. Emphasizing messages
first and foremost; last but not least; moreover; furthermore/
what's more; on top of this (these)
D. Inserting a point
besides; next; in addition / in addition to this (these);
apart from this (these)
E. Ending the presentation
lastly/finally; lastofall
Test Your Understanding
(2) Giving real or imaginative examples
for example/for instance; to quote an example; e.g; suchas/
like; say / let's say; imagine/ let's imagine; suppose/say
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(3) Indicating the subject matter
as regards / regarding / with regard to / in regard to;
in this (that) regard; concerning; about; speaking of/talking of
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(4) Indicating the source of data
according to; as shown m / as indicated in; as told by /
as reported by / as described by; as disclosed by / as revealed by;
from; base on; with reference to / in reference to
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(5) Showing the sequence of events
A. Start telling
once upon a time; once / one day; the story begins like this /
this is how it happened
B. Beginning
to begin with; in the beginning; at first/ initially
C. Orderofevents
then; next; afterwards; after this (that) / before this (that);
after / before; following; meanwhile/ in the meantime; and
D. Happening together
when /while; at the same time; as soon as
E. Ending
finally/lastly; in the end
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(6) Indicating a purpose
with a view to; in order to; in order that; so as to; in the hope of;
for the sake of; so that; to
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(7) Introducing a reason
since/as; because/for; owingto/because of; due to;
as a result of; in view of; out of; for fear that; in response to /
in reply to; in case/in case of; thanksto; resultingfrom
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(8) Lntroducing a result
in consequence / as a consequence / consequently; as a result;
for that (this) reason; thus / hence; therefore; that's why; so . . that;
too ... to; so; resulting in
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(9) Showing a similarity
similarly; likewise; coincidentally; like; the same as / same as
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(10) Showing a difference
on the contrary; unlike; conversely; but/yet; on the other hand;
however/nevertheless/nonetheless; despite / in spite of; insteadof
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(11) Stating an opinion
in my opinion; 1 think; 1 believe; in fact / as a matter of fact / actually;
honestly/to be honest
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(12) Emphasizing an idea
in other words; it means / which means; that is / i.e.; 1 mean /
what 1 am saying is
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(13) Stating the perspective
generally speaking; on the whole; on the other hand; from one's
point of view; in one's eyes
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(14) MOVing on to another point
by the way; as for; besides; let's move on to
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(15) Making a conclusion
in conclusion /to conclude; to sum up; in brief/ in short; all in all;
anyway / anyhow
Test Your Understanding
Part 11 using connectives in writing
(16) Presenting project findings
Why do students sleep in class?
What are the trends of TV programmes?
Revision Corner: Falling English standards
(17) Convmcing others
Stop reading comics
Don't go to ABC Tutorial School
Revision Corner: Don't date so early
(18) Describing events
The most unforgettable extra-curricular activity
One day home alone
Revision Corner: Looking for a summer job
(19) Explaining actions
Strengthening sex education
No children
Revision Corner: Remaining single
(20)Comparing things
Wearing trousers vs. wearing a skirt
Going hiking vs. running on a track
Revision Corner: Office clerks vs. factory workers
(21) Showing opinions
Love
Fast food cuiture
Revision Corner: The best sport
Answer Key to "TestYour Understanding" and "Revision
Corner" Sections
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