軟件技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)

概述 1                   
 軟件的基本概念 1                   
 軟件的發(fā)展和軟件危機(jī) 1                   
                   
 第1章 線(xiàn)性數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 13                   
 1.1 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)概述 13                   
 1.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 13                   
 1.1.2 算法的描述及評(píng)價(jià) 15                   
 1.2 線(xiàn)性表 17                   
 1.2.1 線(xiàn)性表的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)算 17                   
 1.2.2 順序表類(lèi) 18                   
 1.2.3 鏈表類(lèi) 20                   
 1.2.4 線(xiàn)性表的基本應(yīng)用 27                   
 1.3 棧和隊(duì)列 32                   
 1.3.1 棧的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)算 32                   
 1.3.2 堆棧類(lèi) 33                   
 1.3.3 隊(duì)列 37                   
 1.3.4 隊(duì)列類(lèi) 37                   
 1.3.5 棧和隊(duì)列的基本應(yīng)用 44                   
 1.4 串和數(shù)組 47                   
 1.4.1 串及其運(yùn)算 47                   
 1.4.2 串的順序和鏈?zhǔn)酱鎯?chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 48                   
 1.4.3 數(shù)組 51                   
 1.4.4 數(shù)組的順序存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 52                   
 1.4.5 矩陣的壓縮存儲(chǔ) 53                   
 1.5 小結(jié) 54                   
 習(xí)題 55                   
                   
 第2章 非線(xiàn)性數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 57                   
 2.1 樹(shù)的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)及其運(yùn)算 57                   
 2.2 二叉樹(shù) 58                   
 2.2.1 二叉樹(shù)的定義及其運(yùn)算 58                   
 2.2.2 二叉樹(shù)類(lèi) 60                   
 2.2.3 特殊二叉樹(shù) 61                   
 2.2.4 二叉樹(shù)的遍歷 65                   
 2.3 樹(shù)類(lèi) 70                   
 2.4 森林與二叉樹(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)換 73                   
 2.5 圖的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)及其運(yùn)算 73                   
 2.6 圖類(lèi) 75                   
 2.6.1 鄰接矩陣 75                   
 2.6.2 鄰接表 77                   
 2.7 圖的遍歷 79                   
 2.7.1 深度優(yōu)先遍歷連通圖 79                   
 2.7.2 廣度優(yōu)先遍歷連通圖 82                   
 2.8 樹(shù)和圖的基本應(yīng)用 84                   
 2.9 小結(jié) 88                   
 習(xí)題 88                   
                   
 第3章 查找和排序 90                   
 3.1 什么是查找 90                   
 3.2 順序表的查找 91                   
 3.2.1 順序查找 91                   
 3.2.2 折半查找 93                   
 3.2.3 分塊查找 94                   
 3.3 樹(shù)表查找 94                   
 3.4 哈希查找 96                   
 3.4.1 什么是哈希表 96                   
 3.4.2 哈希表的建立 97                   
 3.4.3 解決沖突的方法 97                   
 3.4.4 哈希查找 99                   
 3.4.5 平均查找長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算舉例 100                   
 3.5 什么是排序 102                   
 3.6 簡(jiǎn)單插入排序 104                   
 3.7 簡(jiǎn)單選擇排序 105                   
 3.8 冒泡排序 106                   
 3.9 快速排序 107                   
 3.10 歸并排序 109                   
 3.11 小結(jié) 112                   
 習(xí)題 112                   
                   
 第4章 操作系基礎(chǔ) 114                   
 4.1 操作系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ) 114                   
 4.1.1 操作系統(tǒng)定義 114                   
 4.1.2 CPU及進(jìn)程管理 117                   
 4.1.3 內(nèi)存管理 122                   
 4.1.4 外設(shè)管理 129                   
 4.1.5 外設(shè)及文件系統(tǒng) 135                   
 4.1.6 用戶(hù)接口 147                   
 4.1.7 程序員接口 150                   
 4.2 三種典型操作系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)及比較 151                   
 4.3 小結(jié) 153                   
 習(xí)題 154                   
                   
 第5章 典型操作系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)下的編程模式 156                   
 5.1 DOS操作系統(tǒng)編程模型 156                   
 5.1.1 DOS結(jié)構(gòu) 156                   
 5.1.2 DOS編程流程及開(kāi)發(fā)工具 158                   
 5.1.3 內(nèi)存分配圖 159                   
 5.1.4 操作系統(tǒng)程序員接口 160                   
 5.1.5 實(shí)例 162                   
 5.2 UNIX操作系統(tǒng)編程模型 163                   
 5.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu) 163                   
 5.2.2 編程流程及開(kāi)發(fā)包 164                   
 5.2.3 多進(jìn)程編程特點(diǎn) 166                   
 5.2.4 常見(jiàn)進(jìn)程通訊方式 166                   
 5.2.5 程序員接口 169                   
 5.2.6 實(shí)例 169                   
 5.3 Windows編程模型 170                   
 5.3.1 Windows結(jié)構(gòu) 170                   
 5.3.2 WOSA及Windows DNA 172                   
 5.3.3 事件及消息機(jī)制 172                   
 5.3.4 多線(xiàn)程 175                   
 5.3.5 編程流程及開(kāi)發(fā)包 176                   
 5.3.6 程序員接口 177                   
 5.3.7 實(shí)例 178                   
 5.4 小結(jié) 181                   
 習(xí)題 182                   
                   
 第6章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ) 184                   
 6.1 概述 184                   
 6.1.1 發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史 184                   
 6.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是什么 185                   
 6.2 數(shù)據(jù)模型 187                   
 6.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 191                   
 6.3.1 三級(jí)模式結(jié)構(gòu)體系 191                   
 6.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的構(gòu)成 192                   
 6.3.3 DBMS介紹 192                   
 6. 4 小結(jié) 193                   
 習(xí)題 194                   
                   
 第7章 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ) 195                   
 7.1 關(guān)系模型的數(shù)學(xué)定義和關(guān)系代數(shù) 195                   
 7.1.1 關(guān)系模型的數(shù)學(xué)定義 195                   
 7.1.2 關(guān)系代數(shù)及關(guān)系運(yùn)算 198                   
 7.2 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言(SQL) 201                   
 7.2.1 概述 201                   
 7.2.2 DDL 202                   
 7.2.3 DML 205                   
 7.2.4 DCL 209                   
 7.3 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)理論 214                   
 7.3.1 概述 214                   
 7.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)依賴(lài) 214                   
 7.3.3 規(guī)范化 215                   
 7.4 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安全性和完整性 218                   
 7.4.1 安全性 218                   
 7.4.2 完整性 219                   
 7.4.3 并發(fā)控制 219                   
 .5 新型關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)概述 219                   
 7.5.1 分布式關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 219                   
 7.5.2 對(duì)象關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 220                   
 7.5.3 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù) 220                   
 7.6 小結(jié) 220                   
 習(xí)題 221                   
                   
 第8章 實(shí)用關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ) 225                   
 8.1 計(jì)算模式介紹 225                   
 8.1.1 主機(jī)/終端模式 225                   
 8.1.2 C/S分布式模式 225                   
 8.1.3 B/S模式 226                   
 8.2 Oracle RDBMS介紹 226                   
 8.2.1 概述 226                   
 8.2.2 Oracle對(duì)象介紹 227                   
 8.2.3 分布式處理功能 229                   
 8.3 PL/SQL語(yǔ)言 230                   
 8.3.1 PL/SQL程序的結(jié)構(gòu) 230                   
 8.3.2 存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程及觸發(fā)器 238                   
 8.4 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) 240                   
 8.5 應(yīng)用實(shí)例 241                   
 8.4.1 系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 241                   
 8.4.2 系統(tǒng)分析和設(shè)計(jì) 242                   
 8.4.3 系統(tǒng)實(shí)施 244                   
 8.6 小結(jié) 246                   
 習(xí)題 246                   
                   
 第9章 軟件工程 248                   
 9.1 軟件工程 248                   
 9.1.1 軟件工程概述 248                   
 9.1.2 軟件工程原理 250                   
 9.1.3 軟件工程基本目標(biāo) 251                   
 9.1.4 傳統(tǒng)軟件工程模式 252                   
 9.1.5 現(xiàn)代軟件工程模式 253                   
 9.2 軟件生存周期 254                   
 9.2.1 軟件生存周期各個(gè)階段的主要任務(wù) 256                   
 9.2.2 軟件生存周期模型 258                   
 9.3 軟件工程管理 261                   
 9.3.1 軟件工程項(xiàng)目管理的任務(wù) 261                   
 9.3.2 軟件人員組織與管理 264                   
 9.3.3 軟件配置管理 266                   
 9.3.4 軟件知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù) 268                   
 9.4 小結(jié) 270 習(xí)題 271                   
                   
 第10章 傳統(tǒng)的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)方法 273                   
 10.1 結(jié)構(gòu)化開(kāi)發(fā)方法概述 273                   
 10.2 系統(tǒng)分析與定義 274                   
 10.2.1 需求分析概述 274                   
 10.2.2 需求分析的任務(wù) 275                   
 10.2.3 系統(tǒng)需求分析的原則 277                   
 10.2.4 系統(tǒng)需求分析的工具 277                   
 10.2.5 結(jié)構(gòu)分析方法（SA方法） 280                   
 10.3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 282                   
 10.3.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)概述 282                   
 10.3.3 軟件設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則 284                   
 10.3.4 面向數(shù)據(jù)流的設(shè)計(jì) 288                   
 10.3.5 詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì) 295                   
 10.3.6 面向數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 298                   
 10.4 系統(tǒng)編程 303                   
 10.4.1 軟件編程概述 303                   
 10.4.2 軟件編程風(fēng)格 303                   
 10.4.3 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言 305                   
 10.5 系統(tǒng)測(cè)試 306                   
 10.5.1 軟件測(cè)試概述 306                   
 10.5.2 測(cè)試用例的設(shè)計(jì) 307                   
                   
 10.5.3 測(cè)試實(shí)施方法 311                   
 10.5.4 軟件調(diào)試 313                   
 10.6 系統(tǒng)維護(hù) 315                   
 10.6.1 系統(tǒng)維護(hù)概述 315                   
 10.6.2 軟件維護(hù)的任務(wù) 316                   
 10.6.3 軟件維護(hù)的副作用 318                   
 10.6.4 軟件的可維護(hù)性 319                   
 10.7 小結(jié) 321                   
 習(xí)題 322                   
                   
 第11章 面向?qū)ο蟮能浖_(kāi)發(fā)辦法 324                   
 11.1 面向?qū)ο蠓椒ǜ攀?nbsp;325                   
 11.1.1 面向?qū)ο蠓椒?nbsp;325                   
 11.1.2 實(shí)體和對(duì)象 328                   
 11.1.3 服務(wù)和消息 330                   
 11.1.4 類(lèi)和類(lèi)層次 331                   
 11.1.5 00方法的特點(diǎn) 334                   
 11.2 面向?qū)ο蠓治?0A 340                   
 11.2.1 00A方法概述 340                   
 11.2.2 確定對(duì)象 342                   
 11.2.3 確定屬性和服務(wù) 344                   
 11.2.4 建立結(jié)構(gòu) 347                   
 11.2.5 確定關(guān)聯(lián) 348                   
 11.3 面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)00D 351                   
 11.3.1 00D的基本原則 351                   
 11.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn) 352                   
 11.3.3 系統(tǒng)分解 352                   
 11.3.4 問(wèn)題域子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 353                   
 11.3.5 用戶(hù)界面子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 356                   
 11.3.6 任務(wù)管理子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 357                   
 11.3.7 數(shù)據(jù)管理子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 358                   
 11.3.8 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言的影響 359                   
 11.4 小結(jié) 360                   
 習(xí)題 361