語言評價研究：困境、抉擇與方向

導(dǎo)讀
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PREFACE
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
INTRODUCTION TWENTY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 ASSESSMENT AS INFORMATION GATHERING
CHAPTER 2 ANALYZlNG TESTS: THE CASE OF DICTATION
　Standard Dictations and Wesche's Framework
　Partial Dictations
　Graduated Dictations
CHAPTER 3 CONFLICTING PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT
　Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced Testing
　Purposes of Language Assessment
CHAPTER 4 THE ROLE OF BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE IN THE ASSESSMENT
　OF RECEPTIVE SKILLS
CHAPTER 5 A CLOZE-KNIT FAMILY
　"Fill-in" Items
　Cloze Tests
　C-tests
CHAPTER 6 ANOTHER DILEMMA: CONTRASTING PAIRS OF CONCEPTS
　Direct and Indirect Tests
　Discrete-point and Integrative Testing
　Objective and Subjective Scoring
CHAPTER 7 SOME USEFUL STATISTICAL TOOLS
　Measures of Central Tendency
　Measures of Dispersion
　Frequency Polygons
　Degrees of Freedom
　Calculating Standard Deviation
　Standardized Scores
CHAPTER 8 THE CORRELATION FAMILY
　Types of Data
　Basic Correlation Concepts
　Pearson "s Correlation Coefficient
　Overlapping Variance
　Spearman "s Rank-order Correlation
　Point-biserial Correlation Coefficient
CHAPTER 9 MULTIPLE-CHOICE TESTS AND ITEM ANALYSES
　Multiple-choice Tests
　Item Facility
　Distractor Analysis
　Item Discrimination
　Response Frequency Distribution On the Item Editing Task
CHAPERT 10 MEASURING MEANING: DICTOCOMPS AND STRIP STORIES
CHAPTER 11 ELICTTING SPEECH SAMPLES IN ROLE PLAYS
　Plausibility and Experience
　Unequal Power Discourse
　Some Issues in Scoring Speech Samples
　Computing Rater Reliability
CHAPTER 12 THREE APPROACHES TO SCORING WRITING SAMPLES
　Holistic Scoring
　Analytic Scoring
　Objective Scoring
CHAPTER 13 "ALTERNATIVE" ASSESSMENTS: PERFORMANCE TESTS AND PORTFOLIOS
　Performance Tests
　Portfolio Assessment
CHAPTER 14 SELF-ASSESSMENT IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES