Introduction to Grammar
What is grammar?
Why do we study grammar?
Grammatical hierarchy
Chapter 1 The Parts of Speech
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. The noun
B. The pronoun
C. The adjective
D. The verb
E. The adverb
F. The preposition
G. The conjunction
H. The interjection
Chapter 2 The Parts of a Sentence
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Subject and predicate
B. How to find the subject of a sentence
C. Complements
D. Direct and indirect object
E. The object complement
F. Subject complement
Chapter 3 The Phrase and the Clause
Diagnostic test
Explanation
Ⅰ. The phrase rank
A. Noun phrases and verb phrases
B. Adjective phrases and adverb phrases
C. The prepositional phrases
Ⅱ. The clause rank
A. The relative clause
B. The noun clause
C. The adverbial clause
D. The subordinating conjunction
E. Sentences classified by structure
F. Sentences classified by purpose
Chapter 4 The Subject-Verb Agreement
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Guiding principles
B. Problems of agreement with nouns ending in -s
C. Problems of agreement with collective nouns
D. Problems of agreement with subject containing coordinate forms
E. Problems of agreement with expressions of quantity
F. Problems of agreement with noun clause as subject
G. Problems of agreement in relative-clause and existential sentence
Chapter 5 The Determiners
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Function and classes of determiners
B. Pre-determiners
C. Collocations between determiners
D. Article idiomatic usage
Chapter 6 Correct Use of Pronouns
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Personal pronouns
B. Reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns and each other
C. The pronoun one/ones
D. Everyone, something, etc
Chapter 7 Verb Tenses and Aspects
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Comparison between present progressive and simple present
B. Comparison between present perfect and simple past
C. Comparison between past progressive and simple past
D. Comparison between present perfect progressive and present perfect
E. Comparison between past simple and past perfect
F. Past perfect progressive
G. Ways of expressing future time
Chapter 8 Active and Passive Voice
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. The use of the passive
B. Tenses and aspects in the passive
C. The passive with get
D. Special passive patterns
E. Passive + to-infinitive or active participle
F. The passive to-infinitive and present participle
G. Active forms with a passive meaning
H. The passive or be + adjective
I. The passive of phrasal verbs
Chapter 9 The Subjunctive Mood
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Be-subjunctive
B. Were-subjunctive
Chapter 10 Auxiliary Verbs
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. The primary auxiliary verbs (do,have,be)
B. The modal auxiliaries
C. The NICE properties of auxiliaries
D. Semi-auxiliaries
Chapter 11 Non-Finite Verbs
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Infinitive and the infinitive phrase
B. Ing-participle
C. Ing-participle clauses
D. Ing-participle or ed-participle clauses?
Chapter 12 Adjectives, Adverbs and Their Phrases
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Adjective patterns
B. Adjectives used in one position only
C. Adjectives and participles
D. The order of adjectives
E. Adjectives used as nouns
F. Adjectives or adverbs
G. Comparative and superlative forms
H. Patterns expressing a comparison
I. Adverbs and word order
Chapter 13 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. The other functions of prepositional phrases
B. Prepositions of place
C. Prepositions of time
D. Idiomatic phrases with prepositions
E. Noun+preposition
F. Prepositional verbs
G. Verb+objece+preposition
H. Phrasal verbs
Chapter 14 Statements and Questions
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Statement
B. Negative statements
C. Questions
Chapter 15 Coordination and Subordination
Diagnostic tes
Explanation
A. Coordinate ideas
B. Subordinate ideas
C. Adverbial clauses
Chapter 16 Conditional Clauses
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Introduction
B. Type 0 conditionals
C. Type 1 conditionals
D. Type 2 conditionals
E. Type 3 conditionals
F. If,as long as,unless,in case,etc.
G. Should,were,had and inversion
H. Implied conditions
Chapter 17 Noun Clauses
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Introduction
B. Patterns with noun clauses
C. Direct and indirect speech
Chapter 18 Relative Clauses
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Identifying clauses
B. Classifying clauses
C. Adding clauses
D. Connective clauses
E. The comparison of the identifying clause and the adding clause
F. The comparison of the classifying clause and the adding clause
G. Relative pronouns
H. The pattern a quantifier + of whom/of which
I. A special use of which
J. The use of that
K. Relative adverbs
Chapter 19 Leaving Out and Replacing Words
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Avoiding repetition
B. Leaving out words after the auxiliary
C. Leaving out an infinitive clause
D. Leaving out words after a question word
E. Leaving out words through coordination
F. Leaving out words at the beginning of a sentence
G. Patterns with too, either, so and neither/nor
H. Do so, do it and do tha
I. Some other ways of avoiding repetition
Chapter 20 Information and Emphasis
Diagnostic test
Explanation
A. Word order and information
B. Front-position
C. The empty there and it
D. There or it
E. Emphasis
Key to Exercises
Bibliography
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