preface
acknowledgements
introduction
1 introduction to materials and their properties
1.1 introduction
1.2 selection of materials
1.3 mechanical properties of materials
1.4 physical properties of materials
1.5 engineering materials
1.6 composite materials (composites)
1.7 factors affecting material properties
1.8 composition
exercises
2 basic science of materials
2.1 introduction
2.2 atoms
2.3 molecules and lattices
2.4 elements
2.5 compounds
2.6 mixtures
2.7 solids, liquids and gases
2.8 crystals
2.9 allotropy
2.10 grain structure
2.11 crystal growth
2.12 solidification defects
2.13 macro- and microscopical examination
2.14 semiconductor materials
2.15 polymeric materials
2.16 polymer building blocks
2.17 polymers
2.18 crystallinity in polymers
2.19 orientation
2.20 melting points of crystalline polymers (tm)
2.21 glass transition temperature (tg)
2.22 the effect of temperature on polymer applications
2.23 memory effects
exercises
3 alloying of metals
3.1 alloys
3.2 alloying elements
3.3 solubility
3.4 solid solutions
3.5 intermetallic compounds
3.6 cooling curves
3.7 phase
3.8 alloy types
3.9 phase equilibrium diagrams (eutectic type)
3.10 phase equilibrium diagram (solid solution type)
3.11 phase equilibrium diagram (combination type)
3.12 coring
exercises
4 plain carbon steels
4.1 ferrous metals
4.2 the iron-carbon system
4.3 critical change points
4.4 the effect of carbon on the properties of plain carbon steel
4.5 plain carbon steels
exercises
5 heat treatment of plain carbon steels
5.1 heat-treatment processes
5.2 annealing processes
5.3 stress-relief annealing
5.4 speroidising annealing
5.5 full annealing
5.6 normalising
5.7 quench hardening
5.8 quenching media
5.9 tempering
5.10 mass effect
5.11 the 'jominy' (end-quench) test
5.12 case hardening
5.13 localised case hardening
5.14 surface hardening
exercises
6 cast irons and their heat treatment
6.1 the iron-carbon sytem for cast irons
6.2 alloying elements and impurities
6.3 heat treatment of grey cast iron
6.4 malleable cast iron
6.5 speroidal graphite cast iron
6.6 alloy cast irons
6.7 properties and uses of white cast irons
6.8 properties and uses of grey cast irons
6.9 specifications for grey iron castings
6.10 properties and uses of malleable cast irons
6.11 specifications for malleable cast irons
6.12 properties and uses of spheroidal and nodular graphite cast irons
6.13 specifications for spheroidal and nodular graphite cast irons
6.14 composition, properties and applications of some alloy cast irons
exercises
7 non-ferrous metals, their alloys and their heat treatment
7.1 non-ferrous metals
7.2 aluminium
7.3 aluminium alloys
7.4 aluminium alloys (non-heat-treatable)
7.5 aluminium alloys (heat-treatable)
7.6 copper
7.7 high copper content alloys
7.8 brass alloys
7.9 tin-bronze alloys
7.10 aluminium-bronze alloys
7.11 cupro-nickel alloys
7.12 magnesium alloys
7.13 zinc alloys
7.14 tin-lead alloys
exercises
8 polymeric (plastic) materials
8.1 the history of plastics
8.2 additives
8.3 general properties of polymeric materials
8.4 properties and applications ofelastomers
8.5 properties and applications of typical thermoplastics
8.6 properties and applications of typical thermosetting plastics
exercises
9 composite materials
9.1 introduction
9.3 fibre reinforcement
9.4 particle reinforcement
exercises
10 shaping and joining materials
10.1 casting
10.2 shrinkage and machining allowance
10.3 casting defects
10.4 plastic deformation
10.5 cold working
10.6 the heat treatment of cold-worked metals
10.7 hot working
10.8 some hot-working processes
10.9 some cold-working processes
10.10 moulding polymeric materials
10.11 compression joints
10.12 soft soldering
10.13 hard soldering (brazing)
10.14 fusion welding
10.15 effect of welding on the structure and properties of materials
10.16 spot welding
10.17 welding plastic materials
10.18 adhesive bonding
10.19 thermoplastic adhesives
10.20 impact adhesives
10.21 thermosetting adhesives
10.22 safety in the use of adhesives
exercises
11 materials testing (destructive)
11.1 properties of materials
11.2 tensile test
11.3 tensile test results
11.4 proof stress
11.5 the interpretation of tensile test results
11.6 the effect of grain size and structure on tensile testing
1.7 tensile testing polymeric materials
1.8 impact testing
1.9 the interpretation of impact tests
1.10 the effect of processing on toughness
1.11 hardness testing
1.12 the effect of processing on hardness
1.13 the hardness testing of polymers
1.14 comparative scales of hardness
1.15 ductility testing
exercises
12 materials testing (non-destructive)
12.1 the need for non-destructive testing
12.2 visual examination
12.3 use of dye penetrants
12.4 ultrasonic testing
12.5 eddy-current testing
12.6 magnetic testing
12.7 radiography
exercises
13 materials in service
13.1 allowable working stress
13.2 creep
13.3 creep in polymeric materials
13.4 fatigue
13.5 factors affecting fatigue (metals)
13.6 factors affecting fatigue (polymers)
13.7 the corrosion of metals
13.8 atmospheric corrosion
13.9 galvanic corrosion
13.10 factors affecting corrosion
13.11 metals which resist corrosion
13.12 chemical inhibition
13.13 cathodic protection
13.14 protective coatings
13.15 plastic degradation
exercises
14 select materials for engineered products
14.1 criteria for the selection of materials for engineered products
14.2 failure of materials in service
14.3 british standard specifications
14.4 case studies
14.5 material selection for the civil engineering industry: spanning the firth of forth
14.6 material selection in the aviation industry: airframes
14.7 selection and application of materials
exercise
index
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