環(huán)境監(jiān)測

Chapter One Introduction緒論 Section 1.1 The Environment and Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境和環(huán)境監(jiān)測 1.1.1 The Environment環(huán)境 1.1.2 Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測 Section 1.2 Purposes and Types of EnvironmentalMonitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測的目的及類型 1.2.1 Purposes 0f Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測的目的 1.2.2 TvDes 0f Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測的類型 Section 1.3 Parameters of Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測的參數(shù) 1.3.1 Chemical Parameters化學(xué)參數(shù) 1.3.2 Biological Parameters生物參數(shù) 1.3.3 Microbiological Parameters微生物參數(shù) 1.3.4 Population種群 Section 1.4 Methods 0f Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測的方法 1.4.1 Grab Samples瞬時(shí)樣品 1.4.2 Semicontinuous Monitoring and Continuous 半連續(xù)和連續(xù)監(jiān)測 1.4.3 Remote Surveillance遠(yuǎn)程控制 1.4.4 Remote Sensing遙感 1.4.5 Bio—Monitoring生物監(jiān)測 1.4.6 Other Methods其他采樣監(jiān)測 Section 1.5 current and Future Status of EM環(huán)境監(jiān)測的現(xiàn)狀及未來 1.5.1 Current Status of Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測的現(xiàn)狀 1.5.2 Future Status of Environmental Monitoring 環(huán)境監(jiān)測的未來Chapter Two Water and Wastewater Monitoring水和廢水監(jiān)測 Section 2.1 Designing a Monitoring Program監(jiān)測方案的制定 2.1.1 Purpose of Monitoring監(jiān)測的目的 2.1.2 Objectives of Water Quality Monitoring監(jiān)測的對象 2.1.3 Preliminary Surveys初步調(diào)查 2.1.4 Description ofthe Monitoring Area監(jiān)測區(qū)域描述 2.1.5 Selecting Sampling Sites采樣點(diǎn)的選擇 2.1.6 Selecting Sampling Stmions采樣點(diǎn)位的選擇 2.1.7 Monitoring Variables監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目 2.1.8 Frequency and Timing of Sampling采樣頻率及時(shí)間 Section 2.2 Field Work And Sampling現(xiàn)場工作及采樣 2.2.1 Sample Containers水樣容器 2.2.2 Typ~s of Sample水樣類型 2.2.3 Water Samplers水采樣器 2.2.4 Manual Sampling Procedures人工采樣過程 2.2.5 Recording Field Observations現(xiàn)場記錄 2.2.6 Sample Preservation樣品保存 2.2.7 Transportation and Storage of Samples樣品的儲存和運(yùn)輸 2.2.8 Safety during Field Work現(xiàn)場安全 2.2.9 Quality Assurance in the Field現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制 2.2.10 Field Tests現(xiàn)場測定 Section 2.3 Physical Index Tests物理指標(biāo)檢測 2.3.1 Temperature溫度 2.3.2 Color色度 2.3.3 Turbidity濁度 2.3.4 Transparency透明度 2.3.5 Total Dissolved Solids總?cè)芙夤腆w 2.3.6 Total Suspended Solids總懸浮物 2.3.7 Conductivity（or Specific Conductance） 電導(dǎo)率 Section 2.4 Metal Compounds Determination金屬化合物的測定 2.4.1 Aluminium鋁 2.4.2 Calcium鈣 2.4.3 Iron鐵 2.4.4 Cadmium，Chromium，Copper，Lead，Nickel，Tin，Zinc鎘、鉻、銅、鉛、鎳、錫、鋅 Section 2.5 Non—metal Inorganic Compounds Determination非金屬無機(jī)物測定 2.5.1Acidity酸度 2.5.2 Alkalimity堿度 2.5.3 pH 2.5.4 Dissolved Oxygen溶解氧 2.5.5 Fluoride氟 2.5.6 Nitrogen，Ammonia氨氮 2.5.7 Nitrogen，Kjeldahl凱氏氮 2.5.8 Nitrogen，Nitrate硝酸鹽氮 2.5.9 Nitrogen，Nitrite亞硝酸鹽氮 2.5.10 Phosphorus磷 Section 2.6 Organic Pollutants Determination有機(jī)污染物的測定 2.6.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand生化需氧量 2.6.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand化學(xué)需氧量 2.6.3 Total Organic Carbon總有機(jī)碳 2.6.4 Oil and Grease油與脂 Section 2.7 Sediment Measurement沉積物監(jiān)測 2.7.1 The Aims of Sediment Measurement沉積物監(jiān)測的目的 2.7.2 Types of Sediment Transpoa沉積物遷移的類型 2.7.3 Sediment Measurement沉積物測定 2.7.4 Sampling for Sediment沉積物采樣 2.7.5 Measuring Suspended Sediment懸浮沉積物的測量Chapter Three Air Quality Monitoring空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測 Section 3.1 Basic Knowledge About Air Pollution空氣污染基本知識 3.1.1 Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere大氣結(jié)構(gòu)及組成 3.1.2 Air Pollution and Air Pollutants空氣污染和空氣污染物 3.1.3 Sources and Health Effects of Air Pollution空氣污染來源及危害 3.1.4 Air Quality Index空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù) Section 3.2 Air Monitoring Design空氣監(jiān)測方案的制定 3.2.1 Initial Surveys初始調(diào)查 3.2.2 Sampling Plan Design采樣方案制定 3.2.3 Sampling Objectives采樣目標(biāo) 3.2.4 Types of Monitoring監(jiān)測類型 3.2.5 Location and Number of Individual SamplingPoints采樣位置和采樣點(diǎn)數(shù) 3.2.6 Time，Duration and Frequency of SamplingEvents采樣時(shí)間、持續(xù)時(shí)間、頻率 3.2.7 Meteorological and Physical／ChemicalConsiderations應(yīng)考慮的氣象及物理／化學(xué)因素 3.2.8 Calculations計(jì)算 Section 3.3 Air Monitoring Methods空氣監(jiān)測方法 3.3.1 Manual Methods人工方法 3.3.2 Instrumental Monitoring Methods儀器監(jiān)測方法 3.3.3 Monitoring Methods Used for Specific Pollutants特殊污染物監(jiān)測方法Chapter Four Soil Quality Monitoring土壤質(zhì)量監(jiān)測 Section 4.1 Basic Knowledge On Soil土壤的基本知識 4.1.1 Soil Formation and Structure土壤構(gòu)成及結(jié)構(gòu) 4.1.2 Soil Characteristics土壤性質(zhì) 4.1.3 Soil Pollution土壤污染 Section 4.2 Soil Quality Monitoring Plan土壤質(zhì)量監(jiān)測方案 4.2.1 Purpose of Soil Sampling土壤采樣的目的 4.2.2 Soil Sampling in Agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)土壤采樣 4.2.3 Vadose Zone Sampling for PollutionCharacterization包氣帶污染特性采樣 4.2.4 Sample Collection樣品采集 4.2.5 Sample Prepare樣品準(zhǔn)備 Section 4.3 Soil Analyses土壤分析 4.3.1 pH 4.3.2 Electrical Conductivity（EC） 電導(dǎo)率 4.3.3 Nitrogen（N） 氮 4.3.4 Phosphorus（P）磷 4.3.5 Cation Exchange Capacity（CEC） 陽離子交換容量 4.3.6 Free Lime游離碳酸鹽 4.3.7 Sulfur（S）硫 4.3.8 Copper（Cu），Iron（Fe），Manganese（Mn），and Zinc（Zn）銅、鐵、錳、鋅 4.3.9 Boron（B）硼 4.3.10 Molybdenum（Mo） 鉬 4.3.11 Organic Matter（OM）有機(jī)物質(zhì) 4.3.12 Potassium（K），Calcium（Ca），Magnesium（Mg），andSodium（Na）鉀、鈣、鎂、鈉 4.3.13 Exchangeable Sodium Percentage（ESP）and Sodium AdsorptionRatio（SAR）可交換鈉百分?jǐn)?shù)及鈉吸附率Chapter Five Sofid Waste Monitoring固體廢物監(jiān)測 Section 5.1 Basic Knowledge On Solid Waste固體廢物的基本知識 5.1.1 Definition and Types of Solid Waste固體廢物的定義和分類 5.1.2 Hazardous Wastes and their Characteristics危險(xiǎn)廢物及其特性 Section 5.2 Solid Waste Sampling Considerations 固體廢物采樣中注意事項(xiàng) 5.2.1 Health and Safety健康安全 5.2.2 Interferences干擾因素 5.2.3 Equipment and Supplies設(shè)備及裝備 5.2.4 Sample Collection樣品采集 5.2.5 Handling，Preservation，and Storage樣品處理、保存及儲存 Section 5.3 Methods For Hazardous Characteristic Detection危害性監(jiān)測方法 5.3.1 Methods for Determining the Characterisitics ofIgnitabilitv易燃性檢測方法 5.3.2 Methods for Determining the Characterisitics 0fCorrosivitv腐蝕性檢測方法 5.3.3 Methods for Determining the Charaeterisitics ofReactivitv反應(yīng)性檢測方法 5.3.4 Methods for Determining the Characterisitics ofToxicity毒性檢測方法Chapter Six Noise Monitoring噪聲監(jiān)測 Section 6.1 Basic Knowledge On Noise Pollution噪聲污染基本知識 6.1.1 Sound，Noise，and Noise Pollution聲音，噪聲及噪聲污染 6.1.2 Basic Knowledge of Acoustical Measurements聲學(xué)測量的基本知識 Section 6.2 Noise Monitoring噪聲監(jiān)測 6.2.1 Monitoring Objectives監(jiān)測目的 6.2.2 Monitoring Instrumentation監(jiān)測儀器 6.2.3 Monitoring I~cations監(jiān)測地點(diǎn) 6.2.4 Sampling采樣 6.2.5 Calibration and Quality Assurance校準(zhǔn)及質(zhì)量保證Chapter Seven Environmental Radiation Monitoring環(huán)境放射性監(jiān)測 Section 7.1 Radiation And Radiation Pollution放射及放射污染 7.1.1 Radiation放射 7.1.2 Radiation Pollution放射污染 Section 7.2 Radiation Samples Collection放射性監(jiān)測儀器 7.2.1 Area Survey Meters區(qū)域放射性測量儀 7.2.2 Individual Monitoring Detectors個(gè)人放射性測量儀 Section 7.3 Radiation Samples Collection放射性樣品采集 7.3.1 Air Particulate Sampling大氣顆粒物采樣 7.3.2 Precipitation Sampling降雨采樣 7.3.3 Water Sampling水體采樣Chapter Eight Modern Environmental Monitoring Technologies現(xiàn)代環(huán)境監(jiān)測技術(shù) Section 8.1 Automated Data Acquisition and Processing數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)采集與處理 8.1.1 Measurement Concepts測量概念 8.1.2 Automated Measurement 自動(dòng)測量 8.1.3 Sensors and Transducers傳感器與轉(zhuǎn)換器 8.1.4 The Data Acquisition System數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng) 8.1.5 Types of Data Acquisition Systems數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)類型 8.1.6 Data Management and Quality Control數(shù)據(jù)管理及質(zhì)量控制 Section 8.2 Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring環(huán)境遙感監(jiān)測 8.2.1 Physical Principles of Remote Sensing遙感物理原理 8.2.2 Optical Properties of Earth Surface Materials地表物質(zhì)的光學(xué)性能參考文獻(xiàn)