速查版孕產(chǎn)期全程指導(dǎo)（彩色圖文版）

第一章 幸福媽媽的“幸孕”十月 做好計劃，優(yōu)生優(yōu)育....................... 2 提前做好懷孕計劃 ................................. 2 健康懷孕的條件 ..................................... 2 健康的精子及卵子........................................ 2 通暢的生殖道.............................................. 3 懷孕的理想季節(jié) ..................................... 3 懷孕的最佳年齡 ..................................... 5 最佳受孕時間 ........................................ 5 如何推算排卵期 ..................................... 6 通過生理周期推算........................................ 6 通過基礎(chǔ)體溫推算........................................ 6 通過宮頸黏液推算........................................ 6 怎樣更易懷上小寶寶 ............................. 6 精神放松..................................................... 6 合理安排性生活........................................... 6 不可忽視的孕前檢查 ............................. 7 孕前檢查項目........................................... 7 準(zhǔn)爸爸的孕前檢查內(nèi)容................................. 8 引起胎兒發(fā)育異常的因素 ...................... 8 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育 ................................................ 9 避免高齡妊娠.............................................. 9 身體健康狀況欠佳時要避免妊娠.................... 9 避免接觸放射線........................................... 9 停用藥物..................................................... 9 忌煙、酒..................................................... 9 遠(yuǎn)離寵物危險.............................................10 創(chuàng)造良好的受孕環(huán)境...................................10 孕前必須治療的疾病 ........................... 10 貧血..........................................................10 高血壓病....................................................11 心臟病.......................................................11 糖尿病.......................................................11 肝臟疾病....................................................11 腎臟疾病....................................................11 陰道炎.......................................................11 孕前心理調(diào)適 ...................................... 12 減輕不必要的擔(dān)憂 ............................... 12 Rh血型不合嚴(yán)重嗎 .............................. 13 導(dǎo)致不孕的因素 ................................... 13 陰道因素....................................................13 宮頸因素....................................................13 子宮因素....................................................13 輸卵管因素................................................14 卵巢因素....................................................14 內(nèi)分泌因素................................................14 先天性因素................................................14 免疫因素....................................................14 孕前營養(yǎng)搭配 ...................................... 14 實現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體重.............................................15 合理安排飲食.............................................15 糾正營養(yǎng)失衡.............................................15 健康飲食行為.............................................15 孕前食物大本營 ................................... 16 夫妻都要補(bǔ)葉酸 ................................... 16 十月懷胎經(jīng)歷 ................................ 17 如何判斷是否懷孕 ............................... 17 月經(jīng)逾期不來.............................................17 基礎(chǔ)體溫持續(xù)在高溫段................................17 早孕反應(yīng)....................................................17 乳頭、乳暈及乳房變化................................17 尿液檢查....................................................17 B超檢查.....................................................18 預(yù)產(chǎn)期的計算方式 ............................... 18 從末次月經(jīng)計算預(yù)產(chǎn)期................................18 從胎動時間推算預(yù)產(chǎn)期................................18 B超檢查推算預(yù)產(chǎn)期.....................................18 早孕反應(yīng) .............................................. 19 保持樂觀的心情..........................................19 吃得舒服一點.............................................19 身體不適時要休息.......................................19 尋求家人幫助.............................................20 保證充足的睡眠..........................................20 胎動初感 .............................................. 20 胎兒的生長發(fā)育過程 ........................... 20 孕媽媽身體的變化 ............................... 21 生殖系統(tǒng)方面.............................................21 心血管方面................................................21 呼吸系統(tǒng)方面.............................................21 泌尿系統(tǒng)方面.............................................22 消化系統(tǒng)方面.............................................22 其他..........................................................22 妊娠期生理現(xiàn)象 ................................... 22 陰道..........................................................22 皮膚..........................................................23 心血管.......................................................23 消化..........................................................23 膀胱..........................................................23 呼吸..........................................................23 骨骼..........................................................23 孕期孕媽媽乳房的變化........................ 23 孕早期乳房的變化.......................................23 孕中期乳房的變化.......................................24 孕晚期乳房的變化.......................................24 腹部增大 .............................................. 24 妊娠后子宮的變化 ............................... 25 孕媽媽的體重變化 ............................... 26 患妊娠期高血壓綜合征的概率增加................26 難產(chǎn)發(fā)生概率較高.......................................26 圍生期胎兒的死亡率高................................27 影響產(chǎn)后身體的健康狀況.............................27 影響寶寶以后的健康...................................27 輕松應(yīng)對孕期小問題 ..................... 27 白帶增多 .............................................. 27 尿頻 ..................................................... 28 腹脹 ..................................................... 28 便秘 ..................................................... 29 小腿抽筋 .............................................. 29 暈厥 ..................................................... 30 偏頭痛 ................................................. 30 鼻出血 ................................................. 31 妊娠斑與皮膚色素沉著........................ 31 妊娠紋 ................................................. 32 靜脈曲張 .............................................. 32 手部麻木及疼痛 ................................... 33 頭暈、眼花 .......................................... 33 貧血..........................................................33 妊娠高血壓綜合征.......................................34 小腿水腫 .............................................. 34 心慌、氣短 .......................................... 34 腰背疼痛 .............................................. 35 坐骨神經(jīng)痛 .......................................... 35 原因..........................................................35 主要臨床表現(xiàn).............................................36 治療..........................................................36 情緒不穩(wěn)定 .......................................... 36 異常妊娠要關(guān)注 ............................. 37 流產(chǎn) ..................................................... 37 胚胎原因....................................................37 母體原因....................................................37 異位妊娠 .............................................. 38 葡萄胎 ................................................. 39 停經(jīng)..........................................................39 陰道流血....................................................39 子宮異常增大.............................................39 腹痛..........................................................39 貧血與感染................................................39 胚胎萎縮 .............................................. 40 高危妊娠及其監(jiān)護(hù)措施 ................. 41 高危妊娠 .............................................. 41 羊水過多 .............................................. 41 羊水過少 .............................................. 42 母子血型不合及其危害........................ 43 妊娠期糖尿病 ...................................... 45 妊娠高血壓綜合征 ............................... 46 膽汁淤積癥 .......................................... 47 泌尿系統(tǒng)感染 ...................................... 48 急腹癥 ................................................. 49 急性闌尾炎 .......................................... 50 貧血 ..................................................... 50 營養(yǎng)缺乏引起的貧血...................................50 胃腸道疾病引起的貧血................................51 急、慢性失血引起的貧血.............................51 胎兒生長受限 ...................................... 51 巨大兒 ................................................. 52 雙胎妊娠 .............................................. 53 補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)、糾正貧血...................................53 提前住院待產(chǎn).............................................53 妊娠晚期陰道出血 ............................... 54 臀位 ..................................................... 55 糾正臀位的方法..........................................55 橫位 ..................................................... 56 胎膜早破 .............................................. 56 早產(chǎn) ..................................................... 57 過期妊娠 .............................................. 58 孕期檢查保健康 ............................. 58 檢查前的準(zhǔn)備工作 ............................... 58 檢查前精神準(zhǔn)備..........................................58 檢查前物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備..........................................59 孕期檢查時間與常規(guī)檢查內(nèi)容 ................ 59 初次產(chǎn)前檢查的內(nèi)容...................................60 建冊時常規(guī)輔助檢查...................................60 唐氏綜合征血清篩查（孕14～20周做）..........60 妊娠糖尿病篩查（孕24～28周做）.................60 胎心監(jiān)護(hù)（孕35周后每周一次）....................60 陰道分泌物檢查（孕13～27周建卡時做）..........60 尿常規(guī)檢查................................................61 血常規(guī)檢查................................................61 超聲檢查（孕10～14周、18～24周、32～36 周各做1次）.............................................61 孕早期的常規(guī)檢查 ............................... 62 詢問內(nèi)容....................................................62 相關(guān)的身體檢查..........................................62 孕中期常規(guī)檢查 ................................... 63 實驗室檢查................................................63 腹部觸診....................................................63 測量血壓....................................................63 超聲檢查....................................................63 孕晚期的常規(guī)檢查 ............................... 63 檢查胎兒的生長發(fā)育狀況.............................64 詢問孕媽媽的身體情況................................64 常規(guī)檢查....................................................64 一些常規(guī)檢查 ...................................... 64 肝腎功能檢查.............................................64 乙型肝炎病毒學(xué)檢查...................................65 丙型肝炎病毒學(xué)檢查...................................65 心電圖檢查................................................65 超聲檢查....................................................65 妊娠糖尿病檢查..........................................66 需要重點檢查的項目 ........................... 66 甲胎蛋白篩查.............................................66 三項試驗....................................................66 絨毛膜絨毛取樣檢查...................................67 羊膜穿刺術(shù)................................................67 胎兒臍靜脈穿刺術(shù).......................................67 梅毒血清學(xué)試驗..........................................67 艾滋病血清學(xué)檢查.......................................67 淋病細(xì)菌學(xué)檢查..........................................67 妊娠糖尿病篩查..........................................68 臍帶血檢查................................................68 頸項超聲掃描.............................................68 孕期的自我監(jiān)護(hù)與家庭監(jiān)護(hù)................ 68 探測胎兒心跳 ...................................... 69 電子胎心監(jiān)護(hù).............................................69 遠(yuǎn)程胎心監(jiān)護(hù).............................................70 孕媽媽用藥的注意事項........................ 70 圍生期和圍生期保健 ........................... 71 十月孕期生活指南 ......................... 72 孕期睡眠調(diào)節(jié) ...................................... 72 睡眠時間....................................................72 睡眠時應(yīng)采取的體位...................................72 選擇合適的床及床上用品.............................73 孕媽媽的著裝與打扮 ........................... 74 適合孕媽媽的穿著打扮................................74 孕媽媽化妝宜淡不宜濃................................74 完美孕媽媽的美容技巧............................75 亮麗秀發(fā)的護(hù)理技巧...................................75 適宜孕媽媽的居住環(huán)境........................ 76 孕媽媽做家務(wù)的注意事項 .................... 77 孕媽媽度夏的注意事項........................ 77 孕媽媽過冬的注意事項........................ 78 應(yīng)避免的工作及環(huán)境 ........................... 79 洗澡時的注意事項 ............................... 79 謹(jǐn)慎使用空調(diào) ...................................... 80 孕媽媽要避開的輻射源........................ 80 旅游、出差多注意 ............................... 81 孕期適量運動 ...................................... 82 孕期活動注意姿勢 ............................... 82 坐姿 ....................................................... 82 站姿..........................................................82 行姿..........................................................83 孕期性生活指導(dǎo) ................................... 83 孕期保健課程 ...................................... 84 預(yù)防感冒有妙招 ................................... 84 多吃富含維生素C的食物..............................84 多喝水、多休息、保持空氣清新濕潤.............85 注意食療....................................................85 適度運動....................................................85 口腔衛(wèi)生要注意 ................................... 85 每天早晚刷牙.............................................85 刷牙后漱口不宜多.......................................85 定期進(jìn)行口腔檢查.......................................86 多吃蔬菜，少吃糖.......................................86