近視怎么辦：眼科醫(yī)生來(lái)支招

目錄

Contents

第一篇 掃盲篇——你真的認(rèn)識(shí)近視嗎？

【開(kāi)篇導(dǎo)言】 為什么越來(lái)越多眼鏡寶寶？

全球約有1.63億人患有“高度近視”，占總?cè)丝诘?.7％；預(yù)計(jì)到2050
年，1/10的世界人口都將罹患“高度近視”。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的近視總?cè)藬?shù)超過(guò)
6億，據(jù)2018年全國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示，全國(guó)兒童青少年總體近視率為53.6%。

第一章 認(rèn)識(shí)近視……………………………………………5

【眼科急診室】 視力忽高忽低是怎么了？ ································5

第一節(jié) 近視和屈光不正的區(qū)別是什么？你真的近視嗎？ ········6

第二節(jié) 近視都有哪些分類？ ······················································13

第三節(jié) 假性近視是什么？會(huì)發(fā)展為真性近視嗎？ ······························15

第四節(jié) 每個(gè)近視的人都會(huì)先遠(yuǎn)視嗎？ ······································21

第五節(jié) 散光是什么？怎么判斷自己有沒(méi)有散光？ ··················28

第六節(jié) 弱視和近視的區(qū)別是什么？ ··········································30

【科普加油站】 哪個(gè)國(guó)家最重視近視的防控？ ······················33

第二章 近視的成因………………………………………37

【眼科急診室】 小小年紀(jì)，高度近視 ······································37

第一節(jié) 近視真的會(huì)遺傳嗎？ ······················································38



VI

第二節(jié) 我們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^(guò)眼睛這部精密的“照相機(jī)”感受世界 ·····39

第三節(jié) 揪出生活中導(dǎo)致近視的“真兇” ··································46

第四節(jié) 孩子成績(jī)差，可能是眼睛的錯(cuò) ······································53

第五節(jié) 看不了“3D 電影”也是一種眼科疾病嗎？ ················57

【科普加油站】 “近視基因”哪家強(qiáng)？ ··································62

第三章 近視的預(yù)防和眼睛的保健………………………65

【眼科急診室】 眼睛也會(huì)曬傷嗎？ ··········································65

第一節(jié) 孩子如何科學(xué)預(yù)防近視？ ··············································66

第二節(jié) 成年人怎樣合理保護(hù)眼睛？ ··········································70

第三節(jié) 預(yù)防近視方法大辟謠 ······················································71

第四節(jié) 眼科最常見(jiàn)的疾病科普 ··················································74

【科普加油站】 中國(guó)對(duì)世界眼科界的最大貢獻(xiàn)

—沙眼病原體的發(fā)現(xiàn)和攻克 ······················88

第二篇 治療篇——近視了應(yīng)該怎么辦？

【開(kāi)篇導(dǎo)言】 近視可以徹底治好嗎？

大部分的近視成因是眼球變得太長(zhǎng)，眼球越長(zhǎng)，近視度數(shù)越高，近視后無(wú)
論是戴框架眼鏡還是隱形眼鏡，甚至是通過(guò)近視矯正手術(shù)，也無(wú)法改變眼
球變長(zhǎng)的狀態(tài)，更不會(huì)降低并發(fā)癥致盲的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

第四章 兒童如何科學(xué)控制近視發(fā)展？…………………95

【眼科急診室】 “神藥”阿托品的副作用 ······························95

第一節(jié) 如何建立兒童眼睛發(fā)育檔案 ··········································96

第二節(jié) 兒童防控近視的“三駕馬車” ····································101

【科普加油站】 為什么孩子總愛(ài)揉眼睛？ ····························115



VII

第五章 成年人與近視作戰(zhàn)全攻略………………………117

【眼科急診室】 文眼線的錯(cuò) ····················································117

第一節(jié) 有什么辦法可以消除或者逆轉(zhuǎn)近視？ ························118

第二節(jié) 近視者日常保養(yǎng)小貼士 ················································125

第三節(jié) 如何提防近視那些討厭的并發(fā)癥？ ····························138

【科普加油站】 近視者生孩子容易視網(wǎng)膜脫離，

是謠言嗎？ ····················································154

第六章 選擇一副合適的眼鏡：

“框架”與“隱形”大不同……………………157

【眼科急診室】 打羽毛球的驚嚇 ············································157

第一節(jié) 如何選擇驗(yàn)配地點(diǎn)和驗(yàn)光師？ ····································158

第二節(jié) 框架眼鏡的選擇技巧和原則 ········································164

第三節(jié) 鏡片的選擇有哪些坑？ ················································169

第四節(jié) 軟性隱形眼鏡如何選？ ················································176

第五節(jié) 如何保養(yǎng)和護(hù)理隱形眼鏡？ ········································190

第六節(jié) 框架眼鏡與隱形眼鏡的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) ····································196

【科普加油站】 雪中送炭的隱形眼鏡 ····································198

第三篇 技術(shù)篇——該不該做近視手術(shù)？

【開(kāi)篇導(dǎo)言】 近視手術(shù)的糾結(jié)

近視眼手術(shù)已經(jīng)幫助無(wú)數(shù)人順利摘掉眼鏡，但是手術(shù)方式還存在缺
陷，它并不是治愈了近視，而只是讓近視者更方便地享有清晰視力，
做不做手術(shù)取決于個(gè)人的意愿、眼部條件，應(yīng)理性看待近視眼手術(shù)。

【眼科急診室】 做完近視眼手術(shù)后為什么視力還下降了？ ····204



第七章 近視激光手術(shù)安全嗎？可以做嗎？……………205

第一節(jié) 各種角膜激光手術(shù)都是怎么完成的？ ························207

第二節(jié) 不同激光近視手術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) ········································209

第三節(jié) 具體應(yīng)該選哪種激光近視手術(shù)方式？ ························212

第八章 晶體植入ICL是什么？…………………………217

第一節(jié) 晶體植入ICL手術(shù)怎么做？ ·········································218

第二節(jié) ICL和激光手術(shù)有什么不同？ ·····································219

第九章 近視手術(shù)如何選擇？……………………………223

第十章 未來(lái)有哪些新的近視手術(shù)技術(shù)？………………229

【科普加油站】 近視激光手術(shù)的前世今生 ····························232

參考文獻(xiàn) ..................235

附　錄　　……………………………………………………237