光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)

第1章 光伏電站選址勘察 ......................................................................... 11.1 光伏電站站址選擇 ................................................................................11.1.1 地面光伏電站土地使用要求 .................................................................21.1.2 屋頂分布式光伏電站選址 .....................................................................41.2 氣象資源 ..............................................................................................81.2.1 太陽(yáng)能資源 .............................................................................................81.2.2 大氣質(zhì)量 ...............................................................................................101.2.3 其他氣象因素 .......................................................................................111.3 地質(zhì)與輸送條件勘察 ..........................................................................121.3.1 地理和地質(zhì) ...........................................................................................121.3.2 水文條件 ...............................................................................................131.3.3 交通運(yùn)輸條件和電力輸送 ...................................................................14習(xí)題 ............................................................................................................15第2章 光伏電站容量設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 162.1 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................162.1.1 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................162.1.2 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................192.2 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................222.2.1 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................222.2.2 地面并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量基本設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................23習(xí)題 ............................................................................................................25第3章 儲(chǔ)能技術(shù) ..................................................................................... 273.1 儲(chǔ)能概述 ............................................................................................273.2 儲(chǔ)能蓄電池 ........................................................................................283.2.1 鉛酸蓄電池結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................................................................293.2.2 鉛酸蓄電池參數(shù)及容量識(shí)別 ...............................................................313.3 蓄電池組容量設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................343.3.1 蓄電池種類(lèi)選擇 ...................................................................................343.3.2 蓄電池容量設(shè)計(jì)方法 ...........................................................................363.4 超級(jí)電容容量設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................383.4.1 超級(jí)電容器認(rèn)識(shí) ...................................................................................383.4.2 超級(jí)電容器容量設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................403.5 其他儲(chǔ)能技術(shù) .....................................................................................413.5.1 飛輪儲(chǔ)能 ...............................................................................................413.5.2 超導(dǎo)儲(chǔ)能 ...............................................................................................433.5.3 蓄水儲(chǔ)能 ...............................................................................................463.5.4 鋰電池儲(chǔ)能 ...........................................................................................47習(xí)題 ............................................................................................................48離網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵器件選型 ........................................................ 504.1 離網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)電池組件選型與配置 ............................................................504.1.1 電池組件特性 .......................................................................................504.1.2 電池?zé)岚咝?yīng)及電池組件的串、并聯(lián)組合 .......................................524.1.3 太陽(yáng)能電池板傾斜角設(shè)置 ...................................................................534.1.4 電池組件選型與配置 ...........................................................................554.2 離網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)蓄電池選型與配置 ...............................................................574.3 光伏控制器選配 .................................................................................604.3.1 光伏控制器認(rèn)識(shí) ...................................................................................614.3.2 光伏控制器分類(lèi)及控制原理 ...............................................................634.3.3 光伏控制器選配方法 ...........................................................................704.4 離網(wǎng)逆變器選配 .................................................................................744.4.1 離網(wǎng)逆變器（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)逆變器）工作原理及認(rèn)識(shí) ...................................744.4.2 離網(wǎng)逆變器技術(shù)參數(shù)及選配方法 .......................................................794.5 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)選配 ......................................................................81習(xí)題 ............................................................................................................83集中并網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵器件選型 ................................................. 845.1 集中并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ......................................................................845.2 光伏陣列設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................855.2.1　電池方陣選配 .......................................................................................855.2.2　電池方陣布局 .......................................................................................885.2.3　光伏方陣支架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................905.2.4 光伏自動(dòng)跟蹤技術(shù)選擇 .......................................................................925.3 直流匯流箱配置 .................................................................................935.3.1　直流匯流箱工作原理 ...........................................................................945.3.2　直流匯流箱選配 ...................................................................................965.4 直流防雷配電柜及直流配電設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................985.5 并網(wǎng)逆變器的選配 ............................................................................1005.5.1　并網(wǎng)逆變器結(jié)構(gòu)及特性 .....................................................................1005.5.2　組串式并網(wǎng)逆變器 .............................................................................1045.5.3　并網(wǎng)逆變器選配 .................................................................................1065.6 交流配電柜選配 ...............................................................................1105.6.1　交流配電柜認(rèn)識(shí) .................................................................................1105.6.2　交流配電柜技術(shù)要求及選配 .............................................................1125.7 升壓變壓器選配 ...............................................................................1145.8 光伏電站線(xiàn)纜選配 ............................................................................1175.8.1　光伏電纜選配因素 .............................................................................1175.8.2　光伏電纜選配 .....................................................................................118習(xí)題 ..........................................................................................................122第6章 屋頂分布式光伏系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵器件選型 ........................................... 1236.1 屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí) ....................................................................1236.2 BIPV電池方陣設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................1256.3 BIPV關(guān)鍵部件規(guī)劃與選型 ................................................................1276.3.1　BIPV電氣安全設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................1276.3.2　BIPV結(jié)構(gòu)安全設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................1276.3.3　BIPV系統(tǒng)部件選擇............................................................................1296.3.4　BIPV配電及電網(wǎng)接入........................................................................131習(xí)題 ..........................................................................................................133第7章 防雷與接地設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................ 1347.1 雷電對(duì)光伏系統(tǒng)危害 ........................................................................1347.2 光伏系統(tǒng)直擊雷防范 ........................................................................1357.2.1 光伏系統(tǒng)直擊雷防范措施 .................................................................1357.2.2 接地系統(tǒng) .............................................................................................1397.3 光伏系統(tǒng)感應(yīng)雷、雷電波防范 ..........................................................1407.3.1 光伏系統(tǒng)感應(yīng)雷防范措施 .................................................................1407.3.2 光伏系統(tǒng)雷電波防范措施 .................................................................1407.3.3 光伏系統(tǒng)浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù) .................................................................1417.3.4 電涌保護(hù)器（防雷器）選擇 .............................................................142習(xí)題 ..........................................................................................................146第8章 光伏電站監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................. 1478.1 光伏電站監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與布局 ..........................................................1478.2 監(jiān)控設(shè)備選型與配置 ........................................................................1518.2.1　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控設(shè)備選型與配置 .................................................................1518.2.2　下位機(jī)設(shè)備選型與配置 .....................................................................1518.2.3　上位機(jī)設(shè)備選型與配置 .....................................................................1538.3 自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)輔助設(shè)備 ....................................................................157習(xí)題 ..........................................................................................................158第9章 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析 .......................................................... 1599.1 光伏系統(tǒng)損耗與發(fā)電量 ....................................................................1599.1.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能量損耗 .....................................................................1599.1.2 光伏方陣總功率與占地面積 .............................................................1619.1.3 系統(tǒng)發(fā)電量分析 .................................................................................1619.2 光伏系統(tǒng)成本分析 ............................................................................1639.2.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)成本影響因素 .............................................................1639.2.2 光伏發(fā)電成本及投資效益分析 .........................................................1659.3 RETScreen可行性分析 ....................................................................1699.3.1　RETScreen認(rèn)識(shí) ..................................................................................1699.3.2　能源模型初始化 .................................................................................1709.3.3　能源模型分析 .....................................................................................1729.3.4 成本分析模型 .....................................................................................1739.3.5 減排量分析 .........................................................................................1759.3.6 財(cái)務(wù)分析 .............................................................................................1769.4 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)仿真規(guī)劃平臺(tái) .................................................................1779.4.1 能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)規(guī)劃平臺(tái)認(rèn)識(shí) .................................................................1779.4.2 模型設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................1789.4.3 方案設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................1819.4.4 能源報(bào)表 .............................................................................................188習(xí)題 ..........................................................................................................189附錄A 常用電纜選型與對(duì)照表 ............................................................. 190參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................... 192