C++之旅（第3版）

第 1 章 基礎............................................................................................................................1
1.1 引言 ...............................................................................................................................1
1.2 程序 ...............................................................................................................................2
1.2.1 Hello, World!................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 函數 ...............................................................................................................................4
1.4 類型、變量與運算........................................................................................................6
1.4.1 算術運算 ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.2 初始化........................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 作用域和生命周期...................................................................................................... 10
1.6 常量 ............................................................................................................................. 11
1.7 指針、數組和引用...................................................................................................... 13
1.7.1 空指針..........................................................................................................................15
1.8 檢驗 ............................................................................................................................. 16
1.9 映射到硬件 ................................................................................................................. 19
1.9.1 賦值..............................................................................................................................19
1.9.2 初始化..........................................................................................................................20
1.10 建議 ........................................................................................................................... 21
第 2 章 用戶自定義類型........................................................................................................23
2.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 23
2.2 結構 ............................................................................................................................. 24
2.3 類 ................................................................................................................................. 25
2.4 枚舉 ............................................................................................................................. 27
2.5 聯合 ............................................................................................................................. 29
2.6 建議 ............................................................................................................................. 31
第 3 章 模塊化 ......................................................................................................................32
3.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 32
3.2 分離編譯 ..................................................................................................................... 33
3.2.1 頭文件..........................................................................................................................34
3.2.2 模塊..............................................................................................................................36
3.3 命名空間 ..................................................................................................................... 39
3.4 函數參數與返回值...................................................................................................... 41
3.4.1 參數傳遞 ......................................................................................................................42
3.4.2 返回值..........................................................................................................................43
3.4.3 返回類型推導 ..............................................................................................................45
3.4.4 返回類型后置 ..............................................................................................................45
3.4.5 結構化綁定 ..................................................................................................................46
3.5 建議 ............................................................................................................................. 47
第 4 章 錯誤處理...................................................................................................................48
4.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 48
4.2 異常 ............................................................................................................................. 49
4.3 約束條件 ..................................................................................................................... 50
4.4 錯誤處理的其他替代方式.......................................................................................... 52
4.5 斷言 ............................................................................................................................. 54
4.5.1 assert() ..........................................................................................................................55
4.5.2 static_assert...................................................................................................................56
4.5.3 noexcept........................................................................................................................56
4.6 建議 ............................................................................................................................. 57
第 5 章 類..............................................................................................................................58
5.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 58
5.1.1 類的概述 ......................................................................................................................59
5.2 具體類型 ..................................................................................................................... 59
5.2.1 一種算術類型 ..............................................................................................................60
5.2.2 容器..............................................................................................................................62
5.2.3 容器的初始化 ..............................................................................................................64
5.3 抽象類型 ..................................................................................................................... 66
5.4 虛函數 ......................................................................................................................... 69
5.5 類層次結構 ................................................................................................................. 70
5.5.1 類層次結構的益處 .................................