Chapter 1 Preface / 1
Astronomy and Calendar/ 16
Mathematics / 16
III. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry / 17
Medicine / 18
Diet therapy and Health Cultivation / 18
Geography / 19
VII. Architecture / 20 Chapter 2 Astronomy and Chinese Calendar / 25
establishment of Observatories and Astronomical Observation / 26
The Establishment of Observatories / 26
Astronomical Observation / 31
Manufacture of Astronomical Instruments/ 34
Abridged Armilla / 35
Scaphe / 38
Gnomon / 38
Shadow De ner and Observing Table / 40
III. Achievements of the Shoushi li 42
Prominent Astronomer Guo Shoujing/ 44
Ethnic Minority Astronomers: Yelü Chucai, Jamāl al-Dīn, etc. / 50
Calendars of Ethnic Minority / 57
Mongolian Calendar / 58
The Calendar of the Tibetan Nationality / 61
The Calendar of the Hui Nationality / 63
Calendar of the Yi Nationality / 65
The Calendar of the Dai Nationality / 67
Chapter 3 Mathematics / 69
Peak Period of the Development of Ancient Mathematics in China/ 69
Tianyuan Shuand Siyuan Shu/ 73
Tianyuan Shu/ 73
SiyuanShu / 74
III. Interpolation Method and Duoji Shu (Methods of Summing Series) / 76
The Interpolation Method / 76
Duoji Shu / 77
IV. Li Ye, the Sea Mirror of the Circle Measurements and the Old Mathematics
in Expanded Sections / 78
Zhu Shijie, the Introduction to Mathematical Studies and the Jade Mirror
of the Four Unknowns / 83
Möngke, the Earliest Researcher of Euclid’s Elements in China / 87
VII. Reckoning by the Abacus / 89 Chapter 4 Geoscience / 91
e Compilation of Total Annals of the Yuan / 91
Exploration and Investigation of the Source of the Yellow River / 95
III. Zhu Siben and Map of the Territory / 98
Other Maps / 101
Geoscience Works in the Form of Travel Notes / 103
Earthquake and Geology / 111
Records of Earthquakes / 111
Records of Geology / 113
Chapter 5 Agriculture and Animal Husbandry / 117
Overview / 117
Essentials of Farming and Sericulture / 123
III. Wang Zhen and the Agricultural Book / 127
Lu Mingshan, A Uygur agronomist and the Essentials of Agriculture, Sericulture, Food and Clothing / 132
Animal Husbandry / 136
Chapter 6 Hydraulics / 145
Completing the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal / 146
Digging Jizhou River / 147iii
Excavating Huitong River / 149
Excavating Tonghui River / 151
Maritime Transport and Navigation / 152
III. Other Water Conservancy Projects / 158
Works on Water Conservancy / 161
Chapter 7 Medicine and Pharmacy / 167
Major Achievement in Medicine and Pharmacy / 167
Li Gao and His Medical Works / 182
III. Zhu Zhenheng and His Medical Works / 186
Wei Yilin and His Effective Formulas Tested by Physicians for Generations / 191
Hua Shou and His An Elucidation of the Fourteen Channels / 195
Mongolian Medical Scientist Sademishi and His Ruizhutang Jingyan Fang / 198
VII. Achievements in Medicine of Mongolian and Other Ethnic Minorities / 201
Achievements in Mongolian Medicine / 202
Tibetan Medicine / 208
Uygur medicine / 210
Chapter 8 Diet therapy and Health Cultivation / 213
Mongolian Nutritionist Hu Sihui and the His YSZY / 215
A Complete Book of Daily Necessity in A Familyand Diet Exchanges / 221
III. Other Works on Diet erapy and Nutrition / 224
Ni Yunlin andCollection of Diet Rulesby Yunlintang / 224
Diet Adviceby Jia Ming / 225
Qiu Chuji and His Health Cultivation eory/ 227
Other Works on Qigong Health Cultivation/ 231
Reference of Three Elements for Long Lifeby Li Pengfei / 232
Li Daochun’s The Book of Balance and Harmony/ 233
The Collection of Gold Pillby Xiao Tingzhi / 235
The Gist of Gold Pill by Chen Zhixu / 236
Mongolian Eight Treasures and Other Nutritious Food / 238
Chapter 9 Architecture / 243
Yuan Dadu / 246
Shangdu, Helin and Other Northern Cities / 251
III. Buddhism and Taoism Architecture / 256
Lamaism and Islamic Architecture / 267
Yurt / 274
Chapter 10 Handicraft and Technology / 277
Organizations and Its Management and Production Status / 277
Weapon Industry / 281
III. Textile Industry / 286
Silk Weaving / 287
Cotton Industry / 294
Wool Weaving Industry / 299
Printing Industry and Shipbuilding Industry / 300
Printing Industry / 300
Shipbuilding Industry / 304
Ceramic Industry and Lacquerware Industry / 305
Porcelain Industry / 287
Lacquerware Industry / 292
Chapter 11 Scientific and Technological Exchanges Between China and Foreign Countries / 313
Exchange of Astronomy and Calendar / 315
Exchange of Mathematics / 321
III. Exchange of Medicine and Pharmacy / 327
Exchange of Geography / 331
The Travels of Marco Polo/ 331
The Travel Notes of Jean de Plan Carpin to the Mongol / 333
The Journey of Rubruk to the Eastern Parts / 334
The Journey of Hethum I, King of Little Armenia / 334
The Journey of Friar Odoric to the Eastern PartsWritten by Friar Odoric / 335
Exchange of Architecture / 337
Exchange of Artillery and Ceramic Technology / 341
Artillery / 341
Ceramic / 344
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