一五、“但論國(guó)界，不論是非”

（五月十五日）

自美墨交釁以來(lái)，本城之“Ithaca Journal”揭一名言：“吾國(guó)乎，吾愿其永永正直而是也，然曲耶，直耶，是耶，非耶，終為吾國(guó)耳?！保∕y country—may it ever be right，but right or wrong，my country）意言但論國(guó)界，不論是非也。此言揭諸報(bào)端已逾旬日，亦無(wú)人置辯。一日，同居世界學(xué)生會(huì)之各國(guó)學(xué)生談?wù)撆技爸斜硗檎?，亦有反?duì)者，莫衷一是。余適過(guò)之，聆其言論，有所感觸，故以所見(jiàn)作一書寄此報(bào)主筆。其人不敢登載，社中訪事某女士堅(jiān)請(qǐng)登之，乃載入新聞欄（其書見(jiàn)下）。昨日余往見(jiàn)前校長(zhǎng)白博士之夫人，夫人盛稱余書，以為正彼所欲言而未能言者。白博士（Andrew Dickson White）曾兩任使德大使，戊戌年海牙平和會(huì)，博士為美國(guó)代表團(tuán)長(zhǎng)，其功最多。夫婦都主張和平，故深惡此等極端之國(guó)家主義也。

MY COUNTRY——RIGHT OR WRONG,—MY COUNTRY

Students Representing Many Nationalities Debate as to the

Absurdity or Sense of the Slogan-Suh Hu's Impression.

An interesting debate took place at the Cosmopolitan Clubhouse on the Hill. The subject was the motto which has been printed at the top of the editorial page of The Ithaca Journal since the Mexican question began to become critical—"My country, may it ever be right, but right or wrong, my country." The last phrase, "right or wrong, my country" started the discussion.

An American student averred that it was an absolute absurdity, to stand by one's country whether it was right or wrong. All the other students present—including the representatives of all the different countries in the Club defended the saying vigorously. This number included students from all the different countries represented in the Cosmopolitan Club. "Some called it an absolute absurdity, while others defended it vigorously." No conclusion was reached.

Suh Hu'sidea

Suh Hu, the president of the Club, was struck by one thought that seemed to him to come nearest to the heart of the problem and presents it as follows:

"It appears to me that the fallacy of the saying 'Right or wrong, my country' lies in the fact that there is a double standard of morality. No one will deny that there is a standard of justice and righteousness—among the civilized people at least. Suppose 'my country' should tax me unconstitutionally, confiscate my property unjustly, or have me imprisoned without a trial, I would undoubtedly protest, even if it were done in the name of the law of 'my country'.

"But when we come to international affairs we immediately discard that standard of justice and righteousness, and we declare with no little pride, 'Right or wrong, my country.' Am I not right in saying that we are applying a double standard of morality—one to our fellow countrymen and another to foreign or 'outlandish' people？It seems to me that unless we adopt one standard of right -eousness both within and without our country, we have no common ground on which we can argue."

“吾國(guó)乎，是耶，非耶，終為吾國(guó)耳”——胡適對(duì)各國(guó)學(xué)生代表辯論的印象

〔中譯〕

世界學(xué)生會(huì)最近就此事?tīng)?zhēng)論甚為有趣，題目即為上引之格言。此格言自墨西哥問(wèn)題激化以來(lái)一直印在《綺色佳雜志》社論篇之首，即：“吾國(guó)乎，吾愿其永永正直而是也，然曲耶，直耶，是耶，非耶，終為吾國(guó)耳?！逼淠┮痪湟隽艘粓?chǎng)爭(zhēng)論。

一美國(guó)學(xué)生認(rèn)為不問(wèn)該國(guó)行為之是非，總以其國(guó)利益為立場(chǎng)，此實(shí)大為荒謬。其余在場(chǎng)學(xué)生，包括世界學(xué)生會(huì)各國(guó)的代表，卻為此言辯護(hù)，爭(zhēng)論非常激烈?！坝蟹磳?duì)的，也有贊成的”，意見(jiàn)無(wú)法一致。

胡適之見(jiàn)

學(xué)生會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)胡適深以為此事之關(guān)鍵在于：

“我以為此謬見(jiàn)‘是耶，非耶，終為吾國(guó)耳’之所以為然，是因?yàn)橛袃蓚€(gè)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。人人都不反對(duì)萬(wàn)事皆有一個(gè)對(duì)錯(cuò)及正義與否的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，至少文明國(guó)應(yīng)如此。假如吾國(guó)違憲向吾征稅，或非法將吾之產(chǎn)業(yè)充公，或未經(jīng)審判即將吾入獄，吾誓必力爭(zhēng)，不管其是否以‘吾國(guó)’法律之名義行此事。

“然而涉及國(guó)際間事，吾即放棄那個(gè)對(duì)錯(cuò)和正義與否之標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，且頗自得地宣稱‘是耶，非耶，終吾國(guó)耳’。以此觀之，余以為吾人奉行道德的雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其一用之于國(guó)人，另一用之于他國(guó)，或‘化外之民’，余此說(shuō)不亦對(duì)乎？余以為吾人不管國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外只應(yīng)奉行一個(gè)是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，否則無(wú)法爭(zhēng)論此事?！?